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1.
Foods ; 12(15)2023 Jul 26.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-37569106

RESUMO

INTRODUCTION: The third wave of COVID-19 had a large impact on the autonomous Region of Valencia, which gave rise to restrictions on movement and access to collective eating establishments. The objective of this study is to analyse the culinary and gastronomic behaviour exhibited by the population of the province of Alicante during the period of restrictions, in early 2021, in order to compare the results with an identical survey carried out during the first lockdown of 2020. METHODS: observational and repeated cross-sectional study. RESULTS: The frequency and time dedicated to cooking were similar, as was the tendency to cook as a family, although the percentage of meals ate alone increased and the presence of audiovisual devices during meals persisted. Recipes, cookbooks, websites and online courses became the principal sources of learning and the self-perception of improvements in culinary skills was greater. The cooking of traditional dishes of the Mediterranean diet predominated to the detriment of ready meals, but 41.6% of those surveyed preferred to improvise. The recipes most consulted were those for main courses. CONCLUSIONS: In spite of certain changes and setbacks, which in many cases led to a regression to the situation prior to the pandemic, many of the improvements made during the lockdown of 2020 persisted. Changes were made in culinary and gastronomic practices that can help to achieve a more conscious, healthy and sustainable diet but which require educational policies and actions to reinforce and consolidate them.

2.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-35564822

RESUMO

The Spanish population completed its nutritional transition in the 1960s and 1970s, when it overcame the problems of malnutrition. Among the initiatives that made this possible, the Food and Nutrition Education Programme (Edalnu) (1961-1986) stands out. In addition to correcting the negative influence exerted by ignorance to nourish oneself correctly, it was intended to prevent the problems of overfeeding that most developed countries showed. The objective of this research addresses, in this context and from the parameters of applied history, the condition of the complementary pedagogical instrument that the Edalnu awarded to the school canteen in the fight against malnutrition, as well as the nutritional, dietetic, culinary and gastronomic criteria used for its operation. The results show that the school canteens sought to reinforce the food knowledge acquired in the classroom. Based on the dialogue between chefs and experts in nutrition and dietetics, balanced meals adapted to regional gastronomic diversity were prepared, which helped to promote, in line with current criteria, healthy and sustainable eating habits through traditional plant-based recipes, with a predominance of seasonal and local products, and with a complementary contribution of ingredients of animal origin.


Assuntos
Serviços de Alimentação , Desnutrição , Animais , Livros , Culinária , Desnutrição/epidemiologia , Desnutrição/prevenção & controle , Instituições Acadêmicas
3.
Ciênc. Saúde Colet. (Impr.) ; 24(11): 4071-4082, nov. 2019. tab
Artigo em Espanhol | LILACS | ID: biblio-1039519

RESUMO

Resumen El objetivo del estudio fue determinar los efectos sobre los hábitos alimentarios de escolares en una intervención educativa alternativa al modelo convencional de promoción de alimentación a un centro con comedor y proyecto de huerto ecológico. Estudio observacional descriptivo de corte transversal y comparativo de 111 niños y niñas entre 9 y 12 años, en el periodo 2013-15. Se comparó un colegio con intervención alternativa con otro que únicamente incluía contenidos propios del currículo de Educación Infantil y Primaria, mediante evaluación de adherencia a la dieta mediterránea del alumnado con cuestionario validado Kidmed. El centro de intervención presentó mayor adherencia a la dieta mediterránea que el centro control. En el centro de intervención el porcentaje de alumnado con dieta óptima (64,52%) fue mayor que los que necesitaban mejorar su dieta (33,87%), mientras que en el centro fue inferior (42,86% y 51,02% respectivamente). Los escolares del centro de intervención presentaron mayor porcentaje de respuestas afirmativas en ítems Kidmed. El programa de promoción de alimentación saludable alternativo del centro de intervención podría ser efectivo para la adquisición de una dieta de mayor adherencia a la dieta mediterránea.


Abstract The objective of this study was to determine the effects on school feeding habits in an educational intervention alternative to the conventional model of feeding promotion to a center with school canteens and ecological garden project. Cross-sectional and comparative descriptive observational study of 111 boys and girls between 9 and 12 years old, in the 2013-15 period. A school with alternative intervention was compared with another one that only included contents of the Infant and Primary Education curriculum, by means of evaluation of adherence to the mediterranean diet of the students with a validated Kidmed questionnaire. The intervention center presented greater adherence to the mediterranean diet than the control center. In the intervention center, the percentage of students with optimal diet (64.52%) was higher than those who needed to improve their diet (33.87%), contrary to what occurs in control center (42.86% and 51.02% respectively). The students of the intervention center presented a higher percentage of affirmative answers in Kidmed test. The program of promotion of healthy alternative food of the intervention center could be effective for the acquisition of a diet of greater adherence to the mediterranean diet.


Assuntos
Humanos , Masculino , Feminino , Criança , Instituições Acadêmicas/estatística & dados numéricos , Estudantes/estatística & dados numéricos , Dieta Saudável , Promoção da Saúde/métodos , Estudos Transversais , Inquéritos e Questionários , Dieta Mediterrânea/estatística & dados numéricos , Comportamento Alimentar , Serviços de Alimentação/estatística & dados numéricos
4.
Cien Saude Colet ; 24(11): 4071-4082, 2019.
Artigo em Espanhol | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-31664380

RESUMO

The objective of this study was to determine the effects on school feeding habits in an educational intervention alternative to the conventional model of feeding promotion to a center with school canteens and ecological garden project. Cross-sectional and comparative descriptive observational study of 111 boys and girls between 9 and 12 years old, in the 2013-15 period. A school with alternative intervention was compared with another one that only included contents of the Infant and Primary Education curriculum, by means of evaluation of adherence to the mediterranean diet of the students with a validated Kidmed questionnaire. The intervention center presented greater adherence to the mediterranean diet than the control center. In the intervention center, the percentage of students with optimal diet (64.52%) was higher than those who needed to improve their diet (33.87%), contrary to what occurs in control center (42.86% and 51.02% respectively). The students of the intervention center presented a higher percentage of affirmative answers in Kidmed test. The program of promotion of healthy alternative food of the intervention center could be effective for the acquisition of a diet of greater adherence to the mediterranean diet.


El objetivo del estudio fue determinar los efectos sobre los hábitos alimentarios de escolares en una intervención educativa alternativa al modelo convencional de promoción de alimentación a un centro con comedor y proyecto de huerto ecológico. Estudio observacional descriptivo de corte transversal y comparativo de 111 niños y niñas entre 9 y 12 años, en el periodo 2013-15. Se comparó un colegio con intervención alternativa con otro que únicamente incluía contenidos propios del currículo de Educación Infantil y Primaria, mediante evaluación de adherencia a la dieta mediterránea del alumnado con cuestionario validado Kidmed. El centro de intervención presentó mayor adherencia a la dieta mediterránea que el centro control. En el centro de intervención el porcentaje de alumnado con dieta óptima (64,52%) fue mayor que los que necesitaban mejorar su dieta (33,87%), mientras que en el centro fue inferior (42,86% y 51,02% respectivamente). Los escolares del centro de intervención presentaron mayor porcentaje de respuestas afirmativas en ítems Kidmed. El programa de promoción de alimentación saludable alternativo del centro de intervención podría ser efectivo para la adquisición de una dieta de mayor adherencia a la dieta mediterránea.


Assuntos
Dieta Saudável , Promoção da Saúde/métodos , Instituições Acadêmicas/estatística & dados numéricos , Estudantes/estatística & dados numéricos , Criança , Estudos Transversais , Dieta Mediterrânea/estatística & dados numéricos , Comportamento Alimentar , Feminino , Serviços de Alimentação/estatística & dados numéricos , Humanos , Masculino , Inquéritos e Questionários
5.
Arch. latinoam. nutr ; 69(3): 182-199, sept. 2019. tab
Artigo em Espanhol | LILACS, LIVECS | ID: biblio-1053369

RESUMO

Los centros de recuperación nutricional (CRN) fueron creados por el Dr. José María Bengoa en Venezuela. En el presente estudio se realizó una revisión sistemática cualitativa, de 1984 al 2011, que permitió analizar las modalidades de funcionamiento de los diferentes CRN en el mundo, mediante indicadores de: criterios de admisión, parámetros utilizados en estos centros, así como las modalidades de tratamiento, tiempo de estancia y criterios de alta. Se encontraron diecisiete artículos que describen algunos o todos estos indicadores. El uso de los CRN se encontró en cuatro países de África (Etiopía, Kenia, Malawi y Nigeria), cuatro de América (Bolivia, Brasil, Chile y Nicaragua) y dos en Asia (India y Nepal). Los resultados reflejan la importancia de los CRN en el tratamiento de la desnutrición, sobre todo si se acompaña con la educación de las madres sobre la alimentación, prácticas higiénicas, etc., para un mejor cuidado en el hogar. Nuevas evidencias en el tratamiento de la desnutrición han motivado la evolución de los centros, pero aún así, sus limitaciones persisten. No obstante, las ventajas de su uso son excepcionales. Se propone, de acuerdo con los diferentes tipos de centros, y en base a las deficiencias o limitaciones observadas en su conceptualización y designación, redefinir las NRC bajo el concepto de Centros Globales de Nutrición (GloNuCen) basados en la comunidad y la personalización nutricional, los cuales podrían ser centros fijos en el caso de hospitales y servicios ambulatorios, e instalaciones móviles para situaciones de emergencia que, si duran con el tiempo, puedan convertirse en centros fijos(AU)


The Nutritional Recovery Centers (NRC) were created by Dr. Jose María Bengoa in Venezuela. In the present study a qualitative systematic review was carried out, from 1984 to 2011, allowing us to analyze the operating modalities of the different CRNs in the world, by means of indicators of: admission criteria, parameters used in these centers, as well as their treatment modalities, time of stay and discharge criteria. Seventeen articles have been found that describe some or all of these indicators. The use of NRCs was found in four African countries (Ethiopia, Kenya, Malawi and Nigeria), four in America (Bolivia, Brazil, Chile and Nicaragua) and two in Asia (India and Nepal). The results reflect the importance of NRC in the treatment of malnutrition, especially if it is reinforced with mothers' education about food, hygiene practices, etc., for better home care. New evidence in the treatment of malnutrition has motivated the evolution of the centers, but still, their limitations persist. Nonetheless, the advantages of their use are exceptional. It is proposed, according to the different types of centers, and based on the deficiencies or limitations observed in their conceptualization and designation, to redefine the NRCs under the concept of Global Nutrition Centers (GloNuCen) based on the community and nutritional customization, which could be fixed centers in the case of hospitals and outpatient services, and mobile facilities for emergency situations that, if they last over time, could turn into fixed centers(AU)


Assuntos
Humanos , Masculino , Feminino , Recém-Nascido , Lactente , Pré-Escolar , Criança , Recuperação Nutricional , Educação Alimentar e Nutricional , Transtornos da Nutrição Infantil , Deficiências Nutricionais , Deficiência de Proteína , Saúde Pública , Desnutrição Proteico-Calórica
6.
Nutr Hosp ; 36(Spec No1): 86-91, 2019 Jul 02.
Artigo em Espanhol | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-31232591

RESUMO

INTRODUCTION: Objectives: to analyze the historical development of the Valencian dietary model, establish the relationship between gastronomy and nutrition and explore the role that reclaiming and adapting culinary and gastronomic traditions could play in the promotion of healthy eating. Methods: literature search and content analysis of studies on the subjects under study. Results: traditional Valencian cuisine is characterized by its variety and diversity at local and regional level; however, the extensive use of vegetables in its dishes and recipes renders it unique and was a crucial aspect of the Valencian population's successful food and nutrition transition in the 1960s. Westernization of the Valencian diet and loss of the heritage of the Mediterranean diet in the late 20th century led to a deterioration in the population's nutritional status and the emergence of problems such as overweight and obesity. Faced with this scenario, the modern cuisine spearheaded by the food sector in the Region of Valencia offers an opportunity to reverse this situation, reclaim the region's gastronomic heritage through dialogue between tradition and innovation and help restore healthier eating habits. Conclusions: the culinary grammar of traditional Valencian gastronomy can improve the population's nutrition by providing a healthy, attractive and tasty diet, besides offering a sustainable alternative for production and consumption through its commitment to regional produce.


INTRODUCCIÓN: Objetivos: analizar la evolución histórica que ha experimentado el modelo alimentario valenciano, la relación que cabe establecer entre gastronomía y nutrición y el papel que pueden jugar la recuperación y la adaptación de las tradiciones culinarias y gastronómicas en la promoción de una alimentación saludable. Metodología: búsqueda bibliográfica de trabajos que se han ocupado de los temas objeto de estudio y análisis de sus contenidos. Resultados: la cocina tradicional valenciana se caracteriza por su heterogeneidad y su diversidad comarcal y local, pero la base vegetal de sus platos y recetas le otorga una idiosincrasia gastronómica propia, que resultó clave para completar, en la década de los sesenta, la transición alimentaria y nutricional de la población valenciana. La occidentalización de los regímenes alimentarios de los valencianos y la pérdida de los referentes patrimoniales de la dieta mediterránea que tuvo lugar en las últimas décadas del siglo xx conllevaron un deterioro de su estado nutricional y la emergencia de problemas como el sobrepeso y la obesidad. Frente a semejante panorama, la actualidad y el protagonismo alcanzando por el sector de la gastronomía en la Comunitat Valenciana puede ofrecer una oportunidad para revertir esta situación y, desde el diálogo entre la tradición y la innovación, poner en valor un patrimonio gastronómico que ayude a recuperar hábitos alimentarios más saludables. Conclusiones: la gramática culinaria de la gastronomía valenciana tradicional puede mejorar la forma de nutrirnos al aportar una alimentación saludable, atractiva y sabrosa, además de ofrecer, por su compromiso con el territorio, una alternativa sostenible de producción y consumo.


Assuntos
Comportamento Alimentar , Manipulação de Alimentos/métodos , Estado Nutricional , Verduras , Fatores Etários , Culinária/métodos , Dieta/efeitos adversos , Dieta/tendências , Dieta Saudável , Dieta Mediterrânea , Ingestão de Energia , Feminino , Humanos , Masculino , Obesidade/epidemiologia , Sobrepeso/epidemiologia , Fatores Sexuais , Espanha/epidemiologia
7.
An. venez. nutr ; 32(1): 26-32, 2019. tab
Artigo em Espanhol | LILACS, LIVECS | ID: biblio-1087219

RESUMO

Nicaragua presenta altos niveles de inseguridad alimentaria y nutricional. Predomina la deficiencia proteico-energética y la carencia de nutrientes específicos y al mismo tiempo presenta la superposición epidemiológica-nutricional y la doble carga de riesgos para la salud. Faltan conocimientos para optimizar los escasos recursos para adquirir productos de mayor valor nutricional. El objetivo fue contribuir a reducir el hambre y la desnutrición y mejorar la alimentación y el estado nutricional de la población del municipio nicaragüense de Somotillo, a través de estrategias educativas difundidas por el medio radiofónico. Se ejecutó el programa "Por una mejor nutrición" en la radio (1 junio al 29 de julio, 2016) y se abordaron cuatro temas: conocimientos sobre alimentación saludable, higiene alimentaria, enfermedades asociadas a la malnutrición y alimentación del escolar y se acompañaron de tres cápsulas informativas cada uno, transmitidas 1v/s y 5v/s (8v/día), respectivamente, más una sesión 1v/s de respuesta a los oyentes (maestros y niños escolares). Además, se hizo una evaluación cualitativa (grupo de discusión con maestros y promotores de salud) y se aplicó un cuestionario de 5 preguntas pre y post intervención a 600 escolares seleccionados al azar en 20 escuelas rurales. Se encontró dominio parcial del tema de higiene pre-intervención y fallas en las acciones para prevenir las enfermedades que afectan el estado nutricional de los escolares (post intervención). El programa benefició a 2.349 estudiantes y familias. Esta experiencia puede mejorar el empoderamiento de las familias y la comunidad frente a los problemas de alimentación y prácticas higiénicas peligrosas existentes, pero requieren por parte de las comunidades garantizar la sostenibilidad y replicabilidad del mismo(AU)


Nicaragua has high levels of food and nutritional insecurity. Protein-energy deficiency and lack of specific nutrients predominate, while epidemiological-nutritional deficiencies and excess overlap and the double burden of health risks. There is a lack of knowledge in order to optimize scarce resources and to acquire products of greater nutritional value. The aim was to contribute to the reduction of hunger and malnutrition and to improve the diet and nutritional status of the population of the Nicaraguan municipality of Somotillo, through educational strategies broadcasted by radio. The program "For better nutrition" was carried out on the radio (1 June to 29 July 2016) and addressed four topics: knowledge of healthy eating, food hygiene, diseases associated with malnutrition and school feeding, and was accompanied by three information capsules, each transmitted 1/s and 5/s (8v/day), respectively, plus a 1/s response session for listeners (teachers and school children). In addition, a qualitative evaluation (discussion group with teachers and health promoters) and a questionnaire of 5 pre and post intervention questions were applied to 600 randomly selected schoolchildren in 20 rural schools. Partial mastery was found of the issue of pre-intervention hygiene and failures in actions to prevent diseases that affect the nutritional status of schoolchildren (post-intervention). The program benefited 2,349 students and families. This experience can improve the empowerment of families and the community in the face of existing food problems and dangerous hygiene practices(AU)


Assuntos
Humanos , Masculino , Feminino , Pré-Escolar , Criança , Adulto , Pessoa de Meia-Idade , Programas de Nutrição , Higiene dos Alimentos , Estado Nutricional , Desnutrição Proteico-Calórica , Estratégias de eSaúde , Meios de Comunicação de Massa , Rádio , Educação Alimentar e Nutricional , Fome , Desnutrição
8.
Nutr Hosp ; 35(Spec No5): 116-122, 2018 Jun 04.
Artigo em Espanhol | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-30067059

RESUMO

INTRODUCTION: the stage of autarky and early years of developmentalism was one of the periods in the contemporary history of Spain when inequalities in food and nutrition became more pronounced. OBJECTIVES: to examine malnutrition among the rural population (municipalities with fewer than 2000 inhabitants), including territorial inequalities and the delayed onset of a rural food and nutrition transition. METHODS: we analysed the rural food and nutrition surveys carried out by the General Commission for Supplies and Transport (Spanish initials: CAT) and the Food and Nutrition Education Programme (Spanish initials: EDALNU) between 1964 and 1972. RESULTS: the rural population presented a deficit of animal proteins, calcium and vitamins A and B2, due to scant consumption of protective foods. Andalucía and inland Spain were the regions with the highest percentage of people whose diet did not meet nutritional requirements. These deficiencies were not only responsible for the prevalence of caries and skin, mucous membrane and eye lesions, but were also behind delayed growth (height and weight). This was not the result so much of poverty as of the persistence of poor eating habits. CONCLUSIONS: besides evidencing the delayed onset of a food and nutritional transition in the Spanish rural population, our findings document policies that sought to encourage the consumption of protective foods in rural areas and empower the population with regard to food and nutrition.


Introducción: la etapa de la autarquía y los primeros años del desarrollismo fue uno de los periodos de la historia contemporánea de España en el que las desigualdades en materia alimentaria y nutricional se hicieron más evidentes.Objetivos: abordar la malnutrición que afectaba a la población rural (municipios de menos de 2000 habitantes), sus desigualdades territoriales y el retraso que mostraba su transición alimentaria y nutricional.Métodos: se han analizado las encuestas rurales de alimentación y nutrición que llevaron a cabo la Comisaría General de Abastecimientos y Transportes (CAT) y el Programa de Educación en Alimentación y Nutrición (Edalnu) entre 1964 y 1972.Resultados: la población rural mostraba un déficit de proteínas animales, de calcio, de vitamina A y de vitamina B2, justificado por el escaso consumo que realizaba de alimentos protectores. Andalucía y la España interior eran las regiones que mostraban mayores porcentajes de personas que no alcanzaban los requerimientos nutricionales. Dichas carencias, que explicaban la prevalencia de caries, así como de lesiones en la piel, en mucosas y oculares, también estaban detrás del retraso en la talla y el peso. No respondían tanto a la escasez de recursos económicos como a la persistencia de hábitos alimentarios inadecuados.Conclusiones: los resultados, además de mostrar el retraso de la población rural española en términos de transición alimentaria y nutricional, avalan las políticas que buscaban estimular en el ámbito rural el consumo de alimentos protectores y empoderar a la población en materia de alimentación y nutrición.


Assuntos
Desnutrição/história , Inquéritos Nutricionais/história , Fatores Socioeconômicos/história , Comportamento Alimentar , Abastecimento de Alimentos , História do Século XX , Humanos , Desnutrição/epidemiologia , Estado Nutricional , População Rural , Espanha/epidemiologia
9.
Nutr Hosp ; 34(3): 738-744, 2017 06 05.
Artigo em Espanhol | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-28627215

RESUMO

Food and nutrition education is an essential tool to ensure public health. The year 1961 saw the launch of the Food and Nutrition Education Programme (EDALNU), which helped Spanish population to complete their nutrition transition. The aim of this study was to analyze the characteristics of the health education network which was created as part of the program. A total of 46,752 people, 94% of whom were women, received training on food and nutrition. Of these, 89.54% obtained the basic certificate, and 8.80% were awarded the diploma. Some 1,407 courses were given, reaching a peak in 1979 with 131 courses and 4,029 students. The most active provinces were Madrid, with 26.65% of the courses; Valencia, with 7.60%; Murcia, with 7.53%, and Malaga, with 6.75%. The Spanish Ministry of Culture and Education organized the largest number of courses (26.23%), followed by the Women's Section (11.16%) and Catholic Action (5.12%). Diploma courses were taught for 160 hours, while basic courses lasted 40 hours. The training delivered was affected by changes in the EDALNU program and the Spanish administrative and political structure. Our research revealed that the development and gender balance of the network of trainers presented regional inequalities, and that a wide range of institutions were involved in delivering the courses


La educación en alimentación y nutrición es una herramienta fundamental para garantizar la salud. En 1961, se puso en marcha el Programa de Educación en Alimentación y Nutrición (EDALNU), que ayudó a la población española a completar su transición alimentaria y nutricional. El objetivo de este trabajo es analizar las características de la red de promotores de salud que se desarrolló en el marco del programa. Recibieron formación relacionada con alimentación y nutrición 46.752 personas, el 94% de ellas mujeres. El 89,54% obtuvo el título de iniciado y el 8,80%, el de diplomado. Se realizaron 1.407 acciones y en 1979 se alcanzó el momento más álgido, con 131 cursos y 4.029 alumnos. Madrid, con el 26,65% de cursos; Valencia, con el 7,60%; Murcia, con el 7,53%, y Málaga, con el 6,75%, fueron las provincias más activas. El Ministerio de Cultura y Educación fue el encargado de organizar el mayor número de cursos (26,23%), seguido de Sección Femenina (11,16%) y Acción Católica (5,12%). La duración y los contenidos formativos de los cursos eran de 160 horas para los diplomados y 40 para los iniciados. La acción formativa desarrollada estuvo sometida a los cambios que experimentó el Programa y a los que afectaron a la estructura administrativa y política española. La investigación ha mostrado las desigualdades territoriales que acompañaron el desarrollo de la red de formadores, su componente de género y el carácter plural de las instituciones que organizaron los cursos.


Assuntos
Educação em Saúde/métodos , Educadores em Saúde , Fenômenos Fisiológicos da Nutrição , Alimentos , Educação em Saúde/estatística & dados numéricos , Humanos , Saúde Pública , Espanha
10.
An. venez. nutr ; 28(2): 125-131, dic. 2015. tab
Artigo em Espanhol | LILACS, LIVECS | ID: lil-798249

RESUMO

La alimentación y la nutrición adecuadas son el primer y el más importante de los derechos humanos fundamentales y de los determinantes de la salud de las personas. Con el propósito de ayudar a reducir el impacto del hambre y facilitar el control y la eliminación de las enfermedades tropicales desatendidas (ETDs), contribuyendo al alcance de la seguridad alimentaria en la población escolar del Departamento de Chinandega (Nicaragua), se desarrolló el proyecto piloto “Hambre, miseria y enfermedad: el papel de la nutrición en las enfermedades tropicales desatendidas (ETDs) en Nicaragua”. El presente artículo documenta esta experiencia. Para conseguir los objetivos planteados se organizó una jornada científica con expertos en nutrición y en las ETDs, un panel elaboró las conclusiones que sirvieron para la redacción del documento de consenso, en el cual se fundamentó la elaboración de los materiales a ser utilizados en la intervención educativa: “Alimentación para crecer sano”, manual dirigido a los promotores de salud y “Manual de estrategias educativas: alimentación para crecer sano” dirigido a los escolares. Se realizaron cuatro jornadas de capacitación que inicialmente involucró a 80 maestros de 20 escuelas, y que en la última jornada logró sumar 145 docentes. Seguidamente se desarrolló la fase de multiplicación en las escuelas, con la participación de 2.327 niños de entre 7 y 14 años de edad. En esta experiencia la receptividad de los docentes, la mejora en sus habilidades y conocimientos son una garantía para la replicación en los niños y niñas(AU)


Food and proper nutrition are the first and most important of fundamental human rights and the determinants of health of people. In order to help reduce the impact of hunger and facilitate the control and elimination of neglected tropical diseases (NTDs), contributing to the extent of food safety in the school population of the Department of Chinandega (Nicaragua), the pilot project “Hunger, misery and disease: the role of nutrition in neglected tropical diseases (NTDs) in Nicaragua” was developed. This article documents this experience. To achieve the goals a scientific conference with experts in nutrition and NTDs was organized, a panel drew conclusions that were used for drafting the consensus document in which the development of the materials was based to be used in the intervention education: A “Food to grow healthy” manual aimed at health promoters and a “Manual of educational strategies: healthy food for growth” aimed at schoolchildren. Four days of training initially involved 80 teachers from 20 schools were made, and on the last day managed to reach 145 teachers. Then the multiplication phase in schools was developed with the participation of 2,327 children between 7 and 14 years old. In this experience the receptivity of teachers, improving their skills and knowledge are a guarantee for replication in children(AU)


Assuntos
Humanos , Masculino , Feminino , Programas de Nutrição , Educação , Ciências da Nutrição , Doenças Negligenciadas , Epidemiologia , Fome , Desnutrição , Crescimento e Desenvolvimento
14.
An. venez. nutr ; 27(1): 21-25, jun. 2014.
Artigo em Espanhol | LILACS, LIVECS | ID: lil-748414

RESUMO

Se analizan algunos de los elementos conceptuales con los que abordó el profesor José María Bengoa Lecanda (1913-2010) la complejidad de factores que están asociados al hambre. Se estudian sus reflexiones sobre la interrelación entre desnutrición, enfermedad y pobreza, así como sus propuestas para romper dicho círculo. Desde los presupuestos de la medicina social, el doctor Bengoa articuló un discurso donde las desigualdades sociales aparecen como uno de los determinantes clave que explican las diferencias socio-sanitarias entre regiones, poblaciones e individuos. El cambio social, con la educación como principal argumento, y la mejora de las condiciones de vida de la población, eran reivindicadas por el doctor Bengoa como las estrategias más adecuadas para abordar la malnutrición en cualquiera de sus manifestaciones(AU)


Some of the conceptual elements through which professor José María Bengoa Lecanda (1913-2010) approached the complexity of factors associated with hunger are analysed. Specifically, his reflections on the interrelation between undernourishment, disease and poverty are studied, as well as his proposals to break said circle. From the assumptions of social medicine, doctor Bengoa articulates a discourse where social inequalities appear as one of the key factors to explain the social and health differences between regions, populations and individuals. Social change, with education as the main argument, and the improvement of life conditions for the population, were claimed by doctor Bengoa as the most appropriate strategies to address malnutrition in any of its forms(AU)


Assuntos
Humanos , Masculino , Feminino , Pobreza , Fome , Desnutrição , Condições Sociais , Medicina Social , Medicina Preventiva
15.
Nutr Hosp ; 29(2): 227-36, 2014 Feb 01.
Artigo em Espanhol | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-24528338

RESUMO

The Spanish nutritional and food transition was consolidated over the course of the twentieth century. In the pre-transition stage, a renewed interest emerged in the deficiencies presented by children''s diets, and food and nutritional education was considered the best course of action to correct them. The aim of this study was to analyse the changes over time and regional differences in the nutritional status of Spanish schoolchildren in rural areas in the 1950s and 1970s, using their height as an anthropometric parameter. The results revealed the existence of two categories at the beginning of the 1960s: a first group in which the height of children from the Cantabrian coast, the Levante, Catalonia and the Balea - ric Islands was similar to that of well-nourished children, and a second group from the regions of Andalusia, Extremadura and Galicia, who were not as tall. Between 1954 and 1977, the height of well-nourished children rose, particularly between 1954 and the first half of the 1960s. There was also a significant increase in the height of children attending national schools in rural areas, and the regional differences that had existed at the beginning of the 1960s disappeared. These advances were undoubtedly influenced both by the milk supplement and the food and nutritional education activities carried out within the framework of the Spanish Diet and Nutrition Education programme (EDALNU).


A lo largo del siglo XX, la población española fue consolidando su proceso de transición nutricional y alimentaria. En la etapa pre-transicional, se produjo un renovado interés por las deficiencias que mostraba la alimentación de los niños y se apostó por la educación alimentaria-nutricional para superarlas. El objetivo del trabajo es analizar el estado nutricional, a través de la talla como parámetro antropométrico, que mostraba la población escolar del ámbito rural español, entre las décadas de 1950 y 1970, su evolución y las diferencias que existían entre regiones. Los resultados ponen de manifiesto que al inicio de la década de 1960 se apreciaban dos patrones: un primer grupo donde la estatura de los niños de la costa cantábrica, zona de Levante, Cataluña y Baleares, mostraba niveles similares a los de niños bien alimentados; y un segundo grupo donde las tallas eran inferiores, en el que se encontraban las regiones de Andalucía, Extremadura y Galicia. Entre 1954 y 1977, las tallas de los niños bien alimentados mostraron un incremento que fue especialmente intenso entre 1954 y la primera mitad de la década de 1960. En el caso de los niños y niñas que acudían a las escuelas nacionales del ámbito rural, también se produjo un significativo incremento en la talla, además de corregirse las diferencias regionales que existían al principio de los años sesenta. En todos aquellos avances habrían influido tanto el complemento alimenticio, como las actividades de educación alimentación y nutrición que se llevaron a cabo en el marco del Programa EDALNU.


Assuntos
Suplementos Nutricionais , Desnutrição/epidemiologia , Desnutrição/terapia , Leite , Animais , Criança , Fenômenos Fisiológicos da Nutrição Infantil , Feminino , Geografia , Educação em Saúde , História do Século XX , Humanos , Lactente , Masculino , Desnutrição/história , Espanha/epidemiologia
16.
Hist. ciênc. saúde-Manguinhos ; 20(4): 1605-1619, oct-dez/2013. tab, graf
Artigo em Inglês | LILACS | ID: lil-699091

RESUMO

Trachoma currently represents one of the three main causes of ‘avoidable' blindness and reaches intolerable dimensions in many developing countries. It was endemic in many regions of eastern Spain until well into the twentieth century. The aim of this paper is to analyze the epidemiological development of this disease in contemporary Spain; to examine its determining factors, particularly environmental and sanitary/health factors, and, finally, to study the health care, environmental and socio-economic measures that led to its control and eradication. We believe that the historical approach not only highlights the role of environmental factors in the development of trachoma, but may also aid in understanding the current epidemiology of trachoma.


O tracoma representa hoje uma das três principais causas de cegueira ‘evitável' e tem alcance inaceitável em muitos países em desenvolvimento. Era doença endêmica em muitas regiões da Espanha oriental século XX adentro. O objetivo do presente artigo é analisar o desenvolvimento epidemiológico da doença na Espanha contemporânea; examinar seus fatores determinantes, especialmente os ambientais e sanitários, e, finalmente, estudar as medidas de assistência médica, socioeconômicas e ambientais que levaram a seu controle e erradicação. Acredita-se que a abordagem histórica revela a importância dos fatores ambientais no desenvolvimento do tracoma e ajuda a compreender o perfil epidemiológico atual da doença.


Assuntos
Humanos , História do Século XX , Tracoma/história , Tracoma/prevenção & controle , Tracoma/epidemiologia , Saúde Pública/história , Espanha , Saúde Ambiental
17.
Enferm Clin ; 23(6): 284-9, 2013.
Artigo em Espanhol | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-24011525

RESUMO

Community and public health is probably the field where nurses have achieved the highest levels of professional independence, and their contribution is most valued. However, there are still major obstacles to full development, some of them linked to gender. It is therefore important to analyse the historical background of this situation in Spain in order to gain a better understanding of the many problems and shortcomings that still persist in Community Nursing today. Community nurses contributed to the development of Public Health in contemporary Spain, starting in the 1920s and culminating in the Second Republic. However, the Franco regime brought a halt to the process of professionalisation. By analysing the public conflict between visiting female nurses and practicantes (professional male medical auxiliary technicians) during the Second Republic and throughout the Franco regime, we examine the impact of gender on the development of nursing in Spain as one of the conditioning factors, and how it continues to influence the structuring of competencies and the distribution of responsibilities and power in this field.


Assuntos
Enfermagem em Saúde Comunitária/história , História da Enfermagem , Feminino , História do Século XX , Humanos , Masculino , Fatores Sexuais , Espanha
19.
Salud colect ; 7(supl.1): S49-S60, oct. 2011. tab
Artigo em Espanhol | LILACS-Express | LILACS | ID: lil-607665

RESUMO

El trabajo analiza la incorporación de medios tecnológicos, en particular la radio, en el proceso de divulgación del conocimiento sobre la salud infantil durante la Segunda República española. En el marco de la campaña sanitaria contra la mortalidad infantil que puso en marcha la Segunda República en la década del 30, la Asociación Española de Médicos Puericultores Titulados, en colaboración con Unión Radio, organizó dos ciclos de conferencias radiofónicas que pretendían explicar, a través de un discurso divulgativo de tono descriptivo dirigido a las clases populares, las nociones fundamentales de la higiene y la alimentación infantil, e impulsar una cultura de la prevención, guiada y orientada por los dictados de los expertos. Se trataba de una acción de propaganda y divulgación que tenía su continuidad en el medio familiar y comunitario a través de la actuación de las enfermeras visitadoras puericultoras, contemplando a las madres como población diana.


This study analyses the incorporation of technological communications media, in particular the radio, as a way of popularizing knowledge about child health in the Second Spanish Republic. As part of the health campaign to fight infant mortality launched by the Second Republic in 1930s, the Spanish Association of Pediatricians collaborated with Unión Radio to produce two series of radio conferences aimed at explaining in a descriptive tone the basics of child nutrition and hygiene to the working classes. The intention was to foment a culture of prevention led and guided by child health care experts. This communication campaign was given continuity in the home and in the community through the activity of visiting childcare nurses, with mothers as the target population of these interventions.

20.
Asclepio ; 63(2): 507-20, 2011.
Artigo em Espanhol | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-22375301

RESUMO

Within the context of the endemic trachoma that affected different regions of Spain until the 1960s, this paper analyses the epidemiological determinants of child trachoma and its treatment, based on a preventive care model which incorporated the concept of community health that took shape during the interwar period. Early detection of cases, together with preventive measures, education, therapy and inspections, such as those carried out by visiting nurses, all helped to control the disease. Our results reaffirm the validity of the horizontal intervention strategies used for improving the sanitary conditions and environmental factors responsible for this prevalence of trachoma.


Assuntos
Serviços de Saúde da Criança , Proteção da Criança , Epidemiologia , Bem-Estar do Lactente , Enfermagem em Saúde Pública , Serviços de Saúde Escolar , Tracoma , Criança , Serviços de Saúde da Criança/economia , Serviços de Saúde da Criança/história , Serviços de Saúde da Criança/legislação & jurisprudência , Proteção da Criança/economia , Proteção da Criança/etnologia , Proteção da Criança/história , Proteção da Criança/legislação & jurisprudência , Pré-Escolar , Serviços de Saúde Comunitária/economia , Serviços de Saúde Comunitária/história , Serviços de Saúde Comunitária/legislação & jurisprudência , Epidemiologia/educação , Epidemiologia/história , História do Século XX , Humanos , Lactente , Bem-Estar do Lactente/economia , Bem-Estar do Lactente/etnologia , Bem-Estar do Lactente/história , Bem-Estar do Lactente/legislação & jurisprudência , Recém-Nascido , Saúde Pública/economia , Saúde Pública/educação , Saúde Pública/história , Saúde Pública/legislação & jurisprudência , Enfermagem em Saúde Pública/economia , Enfermagem em Saúde Pública/educação , Enfermagem em Saúde Pública/história , Enfermagem em Saúde Pública/legislação & jurisprudência , Serviços de Saúde Escolar/história , Responsabilidade Social , Espanha/etnologia , Tracoma/etnologia , Tracoma/história
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